Brazil - the Duke of Caxias shows off his striped pants.

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Another pose from this same photo session is on Wikipedia at "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Duke_of_caxias_1877.jpg"
The Duke of Caxias was a veteran of the 1820s wars of independence and became Brazil's top military figure in the mid-19th century. He died in 1880.
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Nice picture, this must have been taken in 1879 then, he looks quite ill.
Colour photography should have been invented around 1800, would have made life so much easier!